Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Lidocaine Hci
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
EPY II Kit
Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Adyphren Amp II Kit
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
LIDOCAINE HCl
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Xylocaine
Adrenalin(r)
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Sensorcaine Mpf
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Numquick Analgesic
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Adrenalin Vials
EpiPen
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
Marcaine With Epinephrine
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Sensorcaine Forte
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Lignospan Standard
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride)
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
Adrenalin
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
Blue Gel Anesthetic
Adrenaclick
Emerade
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
Septocaine and Epinephrine
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Epinephrine Injection USP
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Marcaine with Epinephrine
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Gingi-pak Pellets
Ultracaine DS Inj
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Xylocaine MPF
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
Epinephrine 0.3 Adults
Marcaine E
Vasocaine
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Vivacaine
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Epinephrinesnap-V
Epinephrine Professional
Lidosite
Lignospan Speciale Inj
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Anapen
Gold Label Anorectal Numbing Spray
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
Septocaine
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Dysne Inhal
Lidocaine
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
Octocaine 100
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
EPY Kit
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Medihaler-Epi
Sensorcaine
Articadent
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Epinephrine
Prime Asthma Relief
Citanest Forte DENTAL
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
The Solution
Octocaine 50
Epinephrine Pediatrics
Primatene Mist
Minnerva II
D-Care 100X
Anapen Junior
Numquick Topical Analgesic
Orostat 8%
Orabloc 1:100,000
Primatene Mist Refill
Allerject
Leep RediKit
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Citanest Forte
Lixtraxen 1%
QKit Procedure Tray
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Ephinephrine
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Epipen Jr
Neffy
Articaine
Xylocaine with epinephrine
Ultracaine D-S Injection
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Posicaine Sp
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Marcaine
Epinephrine Injection
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Septanest Sp
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
Pro Numb
Adyphren Amp Kit
EpinephrineSnap-V
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
Posicaine N
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
EpiPen Jr
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Twinject
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
Epipen
Ultacan Forte
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
Auvi-Q
Zorcaine
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
Adyphren Kit
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Septanest N
Lignospan Forte
Ana-kit
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
Taroclick Epinephrine
Symjepi
Orabloc 1:200,000
Zone 2
Orabloc
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
Adyphren II Kit
Indication
Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
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