Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Septocaine and Epinephrine
Sensorcaine Forte
Lignospan Speciale Inj
Epipen
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
Ultracaine D-S Injection
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
Emerade
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Symjepi
Citanest Forte
Articaine
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Ultacan Forte
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
EPY Kit
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Octocaine 50
Minnerva II
Posicaine Sp
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
QKit Procedure Tray
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Epinephrine
LIDOCAINE HCl
Orabloc
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Zone 2
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Septanest Sp
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Adyphren Amp II Kit
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
Adrenalin Vials
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
Epinephrine Injection
Numquick Analgesic
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
Ana-kit
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Adrenalin Topical Solution
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Lignospan Forte
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
Vivacaine
Marcaine
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
Primatene Mist
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Xylocaine
Gold Label Anorectal Numbing Spray
Auvi-Q
Orabloc 1:200,000
Citanest Forte DENTAL
EpiPen Jr
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Epinephrine Injection USP
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
The Solution
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Numquick Topical Analgesic
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Epinephrine 0.3 Adults
Gingi-pak Pellets
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Anapen
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
Lignospan Standard
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Septocaine
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
EpiPen
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Octocaine 100
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
Xylocaine with epinephrine
Epipen Jr
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Sensorcaine
Marcaine With Epinephrine
Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Lixtraxen 1%
Sensorcaine Mpf
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
Ultacan
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Epinephrine Professional
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
Articadent
Adrenalin(r)
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
Xylocaine MPF
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Adyphren Amp Kit
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Zorcaine
Adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride)
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
Marcaine with Epinephrine
Pro Numb
Blue Gel Anesthetic
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Allerject
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Primatene Mist Refill
D-Care 100X
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Neffy
Twinject
Adrenalin
EPY II Kit
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
Leep RediKit
Posicaine N
Epinephrinesnap-V
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Epinephrine Pediatrics
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
Orostat 8%
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Vasocaine
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Marcaine E
Medihaler-Epi
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Adyphren II Kit
Ultracaine DS Inj
Lidocaine Hci
Ephinephrine
Adrenaclick
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
Anapen Junior
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Prime Asthma Relief
EpinephrineSnap-V
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Taroclick Epinephrine
Adyphren Kit
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
Lidosite
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
Septanest N
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
Indication
Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
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